A chromosome?level assembly of the black tiger shrimp ( <i>Penaeus monodon</i> ) genome facilitates the identification of growth?associated genes

To salvage marine ecosystems from fishery overexploitation, sustainable and efficient aquaculture must be emphasized. The knowledge obtained available genome sequence of organisms has accelerated in many cases. black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is one the most prominent cultured penaeid shrimps (Crustacean) with an average annual global production half a million tons last decade. However, its currently assemblies lack contiguity completeness required for accurate annotation due to highly repetitive nature technical difficulty extracting high-quality, high-molecular weight DNA. Here, we report first chromosome-level whole-genome assembly P. monodon. combination long-read Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long-range Chicago Hi-C technologies enabled successful this high-quality sequence. final covered 2.39 Gb (92.3% estimated size) contained 44 pseudomolecules, corresponding haploid chromosome number. Repetitive elements occupied substantial portion (62.5%), highest figures reported among crustacean species. availability identification genes associated rapid growth through comparison hepatopancreas transcriptome slow-growing fast-growing shrimps. results highlighted several growth-associated genes. Our provides invaluable resource genetic improvement breeding aquaculture. monodon enables analyses ecological impact, environment adaptation evolution, as well role protect resources by promoting farming.